CBSE

History of CBSE

The government of India founded a co-operative board named “Board of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana”.

It was started before the independence of India in the year 1929. This board covered the regions of Ajmer, Merwara, Gwalior, and central India.

at that time, it was bound to only Ajmer, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal.

In 1952 the government named this board “Central Board of Secondary Education” which is the present-day CBSE.

Objectives of CBSE

CBSE as the Union body focuses on a better education eco-system for both students and teachers. Its primary objectives are as follow –

• Provides educational facilities to students whose parents transfer a lot from place to place.
• Uplifting the academic standards of the country through affiliated institutes in each part of the country.
• It prescribes conditions of examinations and grants qualifying certificates to students.
• Conducts in-service training and workshops for teachers and administrators.
• Adds job-oriented and job-linked inputs to learn various skills.
• Provides student-centred paradigms.

New Education Policy (NEP) Highlights

The New Education Policy aims to provide quality and equitable education to all children in India. Some of the key highlights of the policy are as follows:

• The policy emphasizes on providing quality and affordable education to all children in the age group of 3-18 years.
• It emphasizes on holistic and multidisciplinary education instead of rote learning.
• Students will now be tested on their abilities to apply concepts to solving real problems rather than on how well they remember things from books.
• It emphasizes that the three-language formula will be followed in schools, focusing on the regional language, Hindi and English.
• To make it easier for students to learn regional languages, instruction in the first five grades will be taught in those languages instead of English.
• The school curriculum in India has been updated to incorporate more core concepts and vocational education.
• The policy focuses on using technology in education to make it more accessible and effective.
• It envisages a system where there is no distinction between rural and urban areas, and all children have access to quality education.
• The policy proposes several measures to improve the quality of teaching, such as mandatory teacher eligibility tests, teacher professional development programmes, and teacher education programmes at the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels.
• The policy also focuses on providing vocational and technical education to students so that they are better equipped to enter the workforce.
• The policy proposes to set up a National Higher Education Regulatory Council to oversee the regulation of higher education institutions.
• The policy also seeks to provide greater autonomy to higher education institutions and promote academic mobility. As a result, the public and private universities will both be governed by the same regulations.
• This policy introduces a new 5+3+3+4 education structure, which moves away from the current 10+2 system.
• It aims to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education to 50% by 2035.
• The Government has announced that all higher education institutes (HEIs) will be governed by a single regulator, except the Medical and Law Colleges. HEIs now have to answer to a new body, the Office for Students.
• The master’s degree (MPhil) course will no longer be required.

Major Reform in New Education Policy

• School board examinations will continue in 10th and 12th classes and be redesigned to be more holistic and developmental.
• PARAKH is a new national assessment platform. It will assess students’ learning and help them to analyse their strengths, weaknesses, gaps, and potentials.
• The new system will focus on strengthening the local language/regional language and mother tongue as a medium of education. It will be available for grades 1 to 5.
• This policy will also align with the Government’s intent to focus on the local language/regional language.
• Sanskrit will be available to all students as an option for their education, with three language formulas, at school and college levels.
• Vocational education will start in school, starting with grade 6, also known as middle school. Internships will be a part of that vocational education curriculum as well.
• There are plans for literature in India and other classical languages as an option.
• Students who pursue those degrees will have the freedom to choose which language they wish to study and what they want to study within that language. The same goes for those pursuing degrees in other disciplines like Science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
• Higher education will receive flexibility in subjects. There will be multiple entry points and exit points for all students.
• UG programmed courses can range in duration from three to four years. The minimum duration required to get a certificate is one year. However, students can opt for a different route if they want to, such as obtaining a two-year Advanced Diploma or getting a B. Tech degree.
• The new system will be student-centric, where all subjects’ education is reduced to its core essentials.
• For education, they are looking at ways to make learning more meaningful and less rote. They focus on critical thinking, discovery, inquiry, discussion, and teaching. Moreover, they will also consider the needs of students who might have exceptional circumstances.
• Academic bank of credit (ABC) will be created as a digital recognition awarded for a student’s academic performance. ABC can allow universities to verify an institution’s credits, or schools can use it to reward or recognize students. It can help to keep track of the credits each student has earned over time.
• According to NEP, learning should be holistic, joyful, stress-free, and a lifelong process.
• NEP focuses on critical thinking, discovery, inquiry, discussion, and teaching based on analysis and holistic learning methods.
• Regulators for higher education will be light but tight.
• Focus on online learning to ensure that students are educated to the highest standard. In the new system, e-learning will be expanded to include Online Course, which will provide flexibility in terms of location and time for students.
• By the end of 2040, they aim that all universities will become multidisciplinary institutions, each of which will have 3000 or more students.
• College affiliation will be phased out in the coming years (next 15 years).
• At least one oversized multidisciplinary HEI (higher education institution) should be built-in or near every district by 2030.
• This is one of the ways we can make our schools more connected to their communities and provide them with growth opportunities. The goal is to help create 100% youth and adult literacy.

New Education System in India 2020

The New education system in India 2020 introduced a 5+3+3+4 education structure. The 5+3+3+4 education structure is a major change from the previous education system in India, which was a 10+2 system. In the new system, students will spend more time in school overall, but the number of years spent in each stage of education will be reduced.
Below is the detailed overview of the new education structure:

Foundational Stage (5 years)

The foundation stage will comprise the first 5 years of a child’s schooling. In the first 3 years of education, children will be taught in Anganwadi, Balvatika or community-based nurseries. The other 2 years of schooling include multilevel, play/ activity-based learning, during which they will develop the basic skills and knowledge required for learning.

Preparatory Stage (3 years)

The preparatory stage will be from age 8 to 11 and focus on foundational learning, including developing basic literacy and numeracy skills among students. The preparatory stage will help students develop their understanding of concepts in various subjects.

Middle Stage (3 years)

The middle stage will be from age 11 to 14 years. During the middle stage, students will be expected to develop core academic skills such as reading, writing, and basic language competencies. They will also be expected to develop life skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and critical thinking.

Secondary Stage (4 years)

The secondary stage will be from age 14 to 18. During this stage, students will be expected to complete a core curriculum consisting of English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies.

In addition, they will have the opportunity to choose from a range of electives, including languages, arts, and vocational subjects. The secondary stage aims to provide students with the skills and knowledge they need to prepare for further education or enter the workforce.

Changes Made in School Education Under New Education Policy 2020

Under the new National Education Policy, significant changes have been made to the school education system in India. Some of the most notable changes are:

1. Single Regulations for All Levels of School Education

The NEP focuses on providing universal access to education at all levels, from preschool to higher education. It aims to provide better education to all, particularly those who were previously denied such opportunities.

To reduce the number of dropouts, colleges and schools are looking for ways to attract more applicants and keep the ones they have. They are also taking the opportunity to help those who do not attend college and provide them with the skills needed to thrive in the workforce. Various approaches can facilitate multiple learning paths that involve formal and non-formal education modes.

Grade 3, 5 and 8 students will get open learning and open schools with no charge to the parents. The equivalent secondary school grade levels, 10 and 12, will also be available to all. There will be no tuition charged to them either. The introduction of vocational courses in the school curriculum aims to increase students’ employability by exposing them to new skills.

2. New Curriculum for Early Childhood Care and Education

The new curriculum for early childhood care and education (NEP) is planning to replace the 10+2 education system with a 5+3+3+4 structure. This would entail 12 years of schooling, with the first five years focused on foundational learning, three years of preparatory stage schooling, three years of middle stage schooling, and four years of secondary stage education.

The new early childhood care and education curriculum has been designed to provide a better balance between the old and the new curriculum. The new structure will also correspond with the new age-appropriate developmental stages of learning so that children can be better prepared for kindergarten and beyond.

In addition, the curriculum will be more flexible, allowing for more individualized instruction and tailoring to the needs of each child.

The new education policy 2020 has brought about many changes in school education. Some of the major changes are listed below:

• The new policy has abolished the rigid 10+2 structure of schooling and introduced a new 5+3+3+4 structure.
• The new policy emphasizes the holistic development of students; hence, the curriculum has been redesigned accordingly.
• Strengthened educational systems like Anganwadis and Kindergartens will focus on early childhood education and care.
• Anganwadi workers and kindergarten teachers will be trained in using curricula and pedagogy suited for children up to 8 years old.
• The new policy also emphasizes vocational education and skill development.
• Under the new policy, students will have the flexibility to choose subjects of their interest and will not be confined to any one stream.
• The policy aims at making education more affordable and accessible to all.
• NCERT will create a national Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education (NCPFECCE) for children up to 8 years old.
• Ministries of Human Resource Development, Health and Family Welfare (HFW), Women and Child Development (WCD), and Tribal Affairs will collectively administrate early childhood education.

These are just some of the many proposed changes that are set to transform school education in India. Implementing these changes will require a concerted effort from all teachers, including parents, students, and the government. But if successful, they have the potential to improve the quality of children’s education in India significantly.

3. Pivot on Base Literacy

According to the National Education Policy, the Ministry of Human Resource Development plans to establish a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in India.

The states will be responsible for implementing a program to attain foundational literacy and numeracy for students till class 3 in all primary schools. Each state will decide on their course of action, which could include changing its education policy.

4. Changes in the Process of Teacher’s Recruitment

To improve teaching quality, a comprehensive reform plan is being implemented in India. This includes creating a single teacher evaluation system and common national professional standards. It also aims to improve the quality of education and students’ lives.

Changes Made in Higher Education Under New National Education Policy

1. 50% Increase In GER

The NEP (New Education Policy) aims to increase the GER (Gross Enrolment Ratio) from 26.3% to 50%. This policy would require increasing the number of students studying in higher education and expanding the number of university places.

2. Interdisciplinary General Education

The policy gives a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and broad-based college education with flexible study plans, more choices in choosing subjects, and more flexibility to leave the course with an accredited degree. It will now be possible for undergrads to choose the number of years they want with the appropriate degree.

3. Regulations or Systems

The Higher Education Commission of India will have a board, an interim committee, an Academic Council, and a technical committee. The Prime Minister of India will chair the Interim Committee. There will be 14 members, seven of them elected from the general public. The Board will be in charge of all government universities. The Interim Committee will be in charge of the day-to-day running of the Board.

4. Rationalized Institutional Architecture

The NEP 2020 proposes a rationalized institutional architecture for the education system, ensuring that all institutions are aligned with the National Education Goals. Under this architecture, the National Higher Education Regulatory Authority (NHERA) will be the apex body for regulating all higher education institutions), except medical and legal colleges.

The NHERA will replace the existing University Grants Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), and National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE).

The National Higher Education Regulatory Authority (NHERA) will be responsible for accreditation, quality assurance, and promoting research and innovation. NHERA will work with the National Accreditation Board (NAB) to ensure that all higher education institutions (HEIs) are accredited.

NHERA will also develop quality assurance standards and procedures to be followed by all HEIs. In addition, NHERA will promote research and innovation in higher education by developing policies and programmes.

New Education Policy 2020 Summary

The new National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) aims to provide quality education to all children in India, regardless of their socioeconomic status. The NEP seeks to improve educational outcomes by making schools more accountable and providing more resources and support to disadvantaged students. The NEP also aims to increase access to higher education and make it more affordable.

To achieve these goals, the NEP proposes several reforms, including:

1. Focusing on three-language instruction in schools
2. Encouraging the use of vernacular languages
3. Promoting the study of Indian classical languages
4. Strengthening teacher education
5. Increasing the use of technology in education
6. Improving assessment and evaluation procedures
7. Making school education free and compulsory for all children aged 6-14
8. Introducing a new grading system that does not use marks or percentages
9. Implementing a standardized curriculum across all schools in India
10. Removing the 10+2 education system and implementing a new 5+3+3+4 education structure system.
11. Establishing a new National Education Commission to oversee the implementation of the NEP.

The NEP 2020 is a bold and ambitious policy that seeks to transform the education system in India. If implemented effectively, it has the potential to improve educational outcomes for all Indian children.